List of common abbreviations that do not require further definition within an article.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry. To re-sort the list, click a column heading.
Abbreviation | Definition |
---|---|
ABC | ATP-binding cassette, e.g., ABC transporter |
Ac | acetyl |
AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
AMP, ADP, ATP | adenosine 5'-mono, di-, and triphosphates |
ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase |
β-gal | β-galactosidase |
BSA | bovine serum albumin |
cAMP | cyclic AMP (adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate) |
CD | circular dichroism |
cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
CHAPS | 3-(3-cholamidopropyl) diethyl-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate |
ChIP | chromatin immunoprecipitation |
CMP, CDP, CTP | cytidine 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates |
CoA | coenzyme A |
COSY | correlated spectroscopy |
CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
cryo-EM | cryo-electron microscopy |
C-terminal | carboxy-terminal |
d as in dADP, dTMP, etc. | deoxy |
DEAD | acronym for Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp, e.g., DEAD-box helicase |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNase | deoxyribonuclease |
dsDNA | double-stranded DNA |
dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
DTT | dithiothreitol |
EC50 | half-maximal effective concentration |
ED50 | half-maximal effective dose |
EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetate |
EGTA | [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
EM | electron microscopy |
EPR | electron paramagnetic resonance |
FACS | fluorescence-activated cell sorter/sorting |
FAD, FADH2 | flavin-adenine dinucleotide and its fully reduced form |
FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
fMet | formylmethionine |
FMN | riboflavin 5'-phosphate |
FPLC | fast protein liquid chromatography |
FRET | Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
FTIR | Fourier transform infrared |
GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
GalNAc | N-acetylgalactosamine |
GC, GLC | gas chromatography, gas/liquid chromatography |
GFP | green fluorescent protein |
GlcNAc | N-acetylglucosamine |
GMP, GDP, GTP | guanosine 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates |
G protein | guanine nucleotide–binding regulatory protein |
GSH/GSSG | glutathione and its disulfide form |
Hepes or HEPES | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
HPLC | high-performance/pressure liquid chromatography |
IC50 | concentration giving half-maximal inhibition |
ID50 | half-maximal infective dose |
IDP, IMP, ITP | inosine 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates |
IgG, etc. | immunoglobulin G, etc. |
IR | infrared |
kDa or Da | kilodalton, dalton |
KM | Michaelis-Menten constant |
LC/MS, LC-MS | liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry |
LD50 | half-maximal lethal dose |
mAb | monoclonal antibody |
MALDI | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization |
MDM2 | mouse double minute 2 homolog |
Mes or MES | 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid |
Mops or MOPS | 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
mRNA | messenger RNA |
MS | mass spectrometry/spectroscopy |
mTOR | mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin |
Na,K-ATPase | sodium-potassium pump |
NAD, NAD+, NADH | nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and its oxidized and reduced forms |
NADP, NADP+, NADPH | nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate and its oxidized and reduced forms |
NF-κB | nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
NOE | nuclear Overhauser effect/enhancement |
NOESY | nuclear Overhauser effect/enhancement spectroscopy |
N-terminal | amino-terminal |
NMP, NTP, NDP | nucleoside 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates |
O-GlcNAcylation | O-linked attachment of N-acetylglucosamine to proteins |
ORF | open reading frame |
PAGE | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
PDZ | contraction of post-synaptic density protein 95, Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor, and zonula occludens-1, e.g., PDZ domain |
PEG | polyethylene glycol |
PET | positron-emission tomography |
Pi | inorganic phosphate |
Pipes or PIPES | piperazine-N-N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) |
pKa | the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant |
Poly(dG)Poly(dC), etc. | single-stranded DNA composed of polydeoxyguanylate, polydeoxycytidylate, etc. |
Poly[d(A-T)], etc. | double-stranded DNA composed of polydeoxyadenylate and polydeoxythymidylate, etc. |
PPi | inorganic pyrophosphate |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
RNAi | RNA interference |
RNA-Seq | RNA sequencing |
RNase | ribonuclease |
rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
RT-PCR | reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction |
SAH/AdoHcy | S-adenosylhomocysteine |
SAM/AdoMet | S-adenosylmethionine |
SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
siRNA | small interfering RNA |
SNP | single-nucleotide polymorphism |
TCA | trichloroacetic acid |
TFA | trifluoroacetic acid |
THF | tetrahydrofuran |
TLC | thin-layer chromatography |
TMP, TDP, TTP | ribosylthymine 5'-mono, di-, and triphosphates |
TMS | trimethylsilyl |
TOF | time-of-flight |
Tris | tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane |
tRNA | transfer RNA |
t1/2 | half-life |
UDP-galactose | uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose |
UDP-glucose | uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose |
UMP, UDP, UTP | uridine 5'-mono, di-, and triphosphates |
UTR | untranslated region |
UV | ultraviolet |
Vmax | maximum velocity |
WT | wildtype |